Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system.
There are many different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma depending on which type of lymphocyte is affected (B cell or T cell) and whether the grade is low (slow growing) or high (fast growing). It is only possible to tell the type by looking at the lymphoma cells under a microscope.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can develop in any part of the body. However, it is usually found first in lymph nodes, in the neck, armpit or groin. Cancer cells can spread through the lymphatic system to other lymph nodes, or to other organs through travelling in the bloodstream.
The lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the body’s defences against infection and disease. It runs throughout the body and is made up of lymph vessels, lymph nodes (glands) and organs such as the spleen. Lymph nodes are found in clusters in different parts of the body, but there are groups of nodes in the neck, armpits and groin.
The vessels of the lymphatic system carry lymph, a white liquid made up of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes play an important role in helping to fight infections.
Causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
The cause of most types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not known. People with a poor immune system have a higher risk of developing the disease.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a painless swelling in the lymph nodes in your neck, groin or armpit. Other signs and symptoms may include:
- high temperatures
- night sweats
- tiredness
- unexplained loss of appetite or weight loss
- widespread itching
- pain in the affected lymph node after drinking even small amounts of alcohol.
Lymphoma cells in the bone marrow may cause:
- anaemia
- an increased risk of developing infections
- bruising more easily or bleeding problems such as nose bleeds.