General radiography (X-ray)
An X-ray is one of the oldest forms of medical imaging, and despite all the newer, more sophisticated forms of scanning, it is still one of the most sensitive ways of detecting many problems.
There are risks involved with having an X-ray as the procedures involves exposure to a low level of radiation. However, this exposure is kept to the minimum required to obtain the image of the area of the body being scanned. This is equivalent to the amount of naturally occurring radiation you would receive over a four-month period. You should not worry about the levels of radiation you will receive – if your doctor has recommended an X-ray, the risk of not having the examination will outweigh the risk of having it.
If you are pregnant or suspect that you might be, it is essential that you tell the radiographer on arrival. The foetus is sensitive to radiation and the doctor may decide you should not have the X-ray, and that it would be better for you to be offered an alternative.
How X-rays work
An X-ray is an image of the internal structure of the body, produced by placing the relevant part of the body between a controlled source of X-rays and sensitive photographic film. Areas of the film that are exposed to the full amount of X-rays turn black. Areas such as bones absorb X-rays and so those areas of the film appear white. Other organs and muscles absorb different levels of X-rays and so appear as different shades of grey.
X-rays are not painful and, apart from having to remain still for a short while, there is no associated discomfort. The whole process takes about five to ten minutes depending on how many images are needed to be taken. A full skeletal survey (X-rays of all the bones in the body) takes approximately 45 minutes to complete. There are no side effects to having an X-ray.
Having an X-ray
While you are having your X-ray you will be cared for by a radiographer, but your film will be examined and reported on later by the radiologist, sometimes assisted by a radiographer.
When you arrive, the radiographer will explain the procedure for your examination and show you to a private cubicle where you will be asked to undress down to your underclothes. You will be asked to put on a hospital gown.
You may also be asked to remove valuables and jewellery, which you should keep safe with your clothes, give to a friend to look after or leave at home. Please tell the radiographer if you have any jewellery you cannot remove.
You will be asked for the date of your last menstrual period, and whether you are or might be pregnant.
You will be taken into the X-ray room where you will be asked to lie down or stand up next to the X-ray plate. Although the radiographer will go behind a screen, you will be seen and heard at all times should you have a problem. You will be asked to stay still and to hold your breath for a few seconds. You might hear a slight whirring noise from the machine but you will be unaware of the fraction of a second when the X-ray is taken.
There are no side effects and you may drive and return home or to work immediately your X-ray.